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2.21.2023

190 universities just launched 600 free online courses. Here’s the full list



If you haven’t heard, universities around the world offering their courses online for free (or at-least partially free). These courses are collectively called as MOOCS or Massive Open Online Courses.
In the past seven years or so, over 800 universities have created around 10,000 of these MOOCs. And I’ve been keeping track of these MOOCs the entire time here at Class Central, ever since they rose to prominence.
In the past four months alone, 190 universities have announced 600 such free online courses. I’ve compiled this list below and categorized the courses into the following subjects: Computer Science, Mathematics, Programming, Data Science, Humanities, Social Sciences, Education & Teaching, Health & Medicine, Business, Personal Development, Engineering, Art & Design, and finally Science.
Here’s the full list of new free online courses. Most of these are completely self-paced, so you can start taking them at your convenience.

PROGRAMMING

  • CS50’s Introduction to Game Development from Harvard University
  • CS50’s Mobile App Development with React Native from Harvard University
  • CS50’s Web Programming with Python and JavaScript from Harvard University
  • Functions, Methods, and Interfaces in Go from University of California, Irvine
  • Concurrency in Go from University of California, Irvine
  • Getting Started with Go from University of California, Irvine
  • Computing in Python I: Fundamentals and Procedural Programming from Georgia Institute of Technology
  • Computing in Python IV: Objects & Algorithms from Georgia Institute of Technology
  • Computing in Python III: Data Structures from Georgia Institute of Technology
  • Computing in Python II: Control Structures from Georgia Institute of Technology
  • Projet de programmation (en Java) from École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
  • Pixel Art for Video Games from Michigan State University
  • Web Design: Strategy and Information Architecture from California Institute of the Arts
  • Front-End Web Development with React from The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
  • Multiplatform Mobile App Development with React Native from The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
  • Automated Software Testing: Practical Skills for Java Developers from Delft University of Technology
  • Automated Software Testing: Advanced Skills for Java Developers from Delft University of Technology
  • Погружение в Python from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
  • Основы разработки на C++: красный пояс from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
  • AR (Augmented Reality) & Video Streaming Services Emerging Technologies from Yonsei University
  • Smart Device & Mobile Emerging Technologies from Yonsei University
  • Problem Solving, Programming, and Video Games from University of Alberta
  • Introduction to Augmented Reality and ARCore from Google Daydream Impact
  • Fundamentals of NetLogo from Santa Fe Institute
  • Competitive Programmer’s Core Skills from Saint Petersburg State University
  • Business Problems and Software Solutions from Deakin University
  • Введение в язык Котлин from St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University
  • Web Accessibility for Developers from Ryerson University
  • Handheld AR App Development with Unity from Unity
  • Diseño de Sistemas de información gerencial para Internet con MySQL / PHP y Joomla from Universidad del Rosario
  • Kotlin for Java Developers from JetBrains
  • Introduction to XR: VR, AR, and MR Foundations from Unity
  • 3D Art and Audio Pipeline from Unity
  • Application Systems Programming from Unity
  • 3D Interactions and Navigation from Unity
  • Core Interaction Programming from Unity

ENGINEERING

  • Analysis of Transport Phenomena I: Mathematical Methods from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Engineering the Space Shuttle from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • The Art of Structural Engineering: Vaults from Princeton University
  • Collaborative Robot Safety: Design & Deployment from University at Buffalo
  • Electric Power Systems from University at Buffalo
  • Modern Robotics, Course 5: Robot Manipulation and Wheeled Mobile Robots from Northwestern University
  • Le robot Thymio comme outil de découverte des sciences du numérique from École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
  • Principle of Semiconductor Devices Part I: Semiconductors, PN Junctions and Bipolar Junction Transistors from The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
  • Hello (Real) World with ROS – Robot Operating System from Delft University of Technology
  • Mind of the Universe – Robots in Society: Blessing or Curse? from Delft University of Technology
  • Hyperloop: Changing the Future of Transportation from Delft University of Technology
  • Electric Cars: Technology from Delft University of Technology
  • Electric Cars: Policy from Delft University of Technology
  • Through Engineers’ Eyes – Expanding the Vision: Engineering Mechanics by Experiment, Analysis and Design from University of New South Wales
  • Through Engineers’ Eyes – Introducing the Vision: Engineering Mechanics by Experiment, Analysis and Design from University of New South Wales
  • First Order Optical System Design from University of Colorado Boulder
  • Design of High-Performance Optical Systems from University of Colorado Boulder
  • Optical Efficiency and Resolution from University of Colorado Boulder
  • Motors and Motor Control Circuits from University of Colorado Boulder
  • Semiconductor Physics from University of Colorado Boulder
  • Sensors and Sensor Circuit Design from University of Colorado Boulder
  • Transistor – Field Effect Transistor and Bipolar Junction Transistor from University of Colorado Boulder
  • Diode – pn Junction and Metal Semiconductor Contact from University of Colorado Boulder
  • Diseño de diques rompeolas con cubípodos from Universitat Politècnica de València
  • Introducción a la energía solar fotovoltaica: El módulo fotovoltaico from Universitat Politècnica de València
  • Introducción a los encofrados y las cimbras en obra civil y edificación from Universitat Politècnica de València
  • BIM Fundamentals for Engineers from National Taiwan University
  • BIM Application for Engineers from National Taiwan University
  • Distribución de la energía eléctrica from Tecnológico de Monterrey
  • Smart grid: fundamentos técnicos from Tecnológico de Monterrey
  • Transmisión de energía eléctrica from Tecnológico de Monterrey
  • Energía eléctrica: conceptos y principios básicos from Tecnológico de Monterrey
  • Smart grid: las redes eléctricas del futuro from Tecnológico de Monterrey
  • Essentials of MOSFETs from Purdue University
  • Fundamentals of Current Flow from Purdue University
  • Primer on Semiconductor Fundamentals from Purdue University
  • Introduzione ai circuiti elettrici from University of Naples Federico II
  • Standardisation from EIT Digital
  • Introduction to battery-management systems from University of Colorado System
  • Equivalent Circuit Cell Model Simulation from University of Colorado System
  • Battery State-of-Charge (SOC) Estimation from University of Colorado System
  • Introduction to Web Cartography: Part 2 from ETH Zurich
  • High Performance Finite Element Modeling – Part 2 from KTH Royal Institute of Technology
  • Energy Systems Integration: A Trend or a Revolution? from KU Leuven University
  • Propagation radio from Institut Mines-Télécom
  • “Monotsukuri” Making Things in Japan: Mechanical Engineering from Tokyo Institute of Technology
  • Ingeniería de Tráfico from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
  • Introducción al Control Numérico por Computadora from TenarisUniversity
  • Agile for Project Control from University System of Maryland

COMPUTER SCIENCE

  • Machine Learning with Python: from Linear Models to Deep Learning from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Blockchain Technology from University of California, Berkeley
  • Bitcoin and Cryptocurrencies from University of California, Berkeley
  • Introduction to Machine Learning from Duke University
  • Introduction to Computer Programming from University of London International Programmes
  • How Computers Work from University of London International Programmes
  • IT Infrastructure and Emerging Trends from University of Minnesota
  • Enterprise Systems from University of Minnesota
  • IS/IT Governance from University of Minnesota
  • Embedded Software and Hardware Architecture from University of Colorado Boulder
  • Industrial IoT Markets and Security from University of Colorado Boulder
  • Введение в технологию блокчейн from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
  • 人工智慧:機器學習與理論基礎 (Artificial Intelligence – Learning & Theory) from National Taiwan University
  • Introducción al diseño de hardware con Verilog from Galileo University
  • IoT (Internet of Things) Wireless & Cloud Computing Emerging Technologies from Yonsei University
  • Introduzione all’informatica from University of Naples Federico II
  • Il linguaggio naturale, dall’uomo alla macchina from University of Naples Federico II
  • Nuove tecnologie digitali from University of Naples Federico II
  • C Programming: Language Foundations from Institut Mines-Télécom
  • C Programming: Modular Programming and Memory Management from Dartmouth
  • C Programming: Advanced Data Types from Dartmouth
  • Linux Basics: The Command Line Interface from Dartmouth
  • C Programming: Using Linux Tools and Libraries from Dartmouth
  • C Programming: Getting Started from Dartmouth
  • C Programming: Pointers and Memory Management from Dartmouth
  • Introduction to Computation Theory from Santa Fe Institute
  • Fundamentals of Machine Learning from Santa Fe Institute
  • Introduction to FinTech from The University of Hong Kong
  • FinTech Ethics and Risks from The University of Hong Kong
  • Blockchain and FinTech: Basics, Applications, and Limitations from The University of Hong Kong
  • DDoS Attacks and Defenses from University of Colorado System
  • Cloud Computing Security from University of Colorado System
  • Introducción a la programación en C: Instrucciones de control y ficheros de texto from Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
  • Introducción a la programación en C: Tipos de datos y estructuras from Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
  • Introducción a la programación en C: Funciones y punteros from Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
  • Cyber-Physical Networks from KTH Royal Institute of Technology
  • Comprendre le coeur d’internet : les réseaux d’opérateurs from Institut Mines-Télécom
  • Advanced Algorithmics and Graph Theory with Python from Institut Mines-Télécom
  • Arduino Programming, from novice to ninja from Institut Mines-Télécom
  • Ciberseguridad: ataques y contramedidas from Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
  • Digital Transformation and the IT Team from University of the Witwatersrand
  • Strategic and Transformational IT from University System of Maryland
  • Basics of Network Security from Coventry University
  • An Introduction to Cryptography from Coventry University
  • Diseño de sistemas de información gerencial para intranet con Microsoft Access from Universidad del Rosario
  • Palo Alto Networks Cybersecurity Essentials I from Palo Alto Networks
  • Palo Alto Networks Academy Cybersecurity Foundation from Palo Alto Networks
  • Palo Alto Networks Cybersecurity Gateway I from Palo Alto Networks
  • Palo Alto Networks Cybersecurity Gateway II from Palo Alto Networks
  • Palo Alto Networks Cybersecurity Essentials II from Palo Alto Networks
  • Blockchain: Foundations and Use Cases from ConsenSys Academy
  • Networking and Security Architecture with VMware NSX from VMware

SOCIAL SCIENCES


  • Citizen Politics in America: Public Opinion, Elections, Interest Groups, and the Media from Harvard University
  • U.S. Public Policy: Social, Economic, and Foreign Policies from Harvard University
  • American Government: Constitutional Foundations from Harvard University
  • U.S. Political Institutions: Congress, Presidency, Courts, and Bureaucracy from Harvard University
  • Lean Research Skills for Conducting Interviews from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Creating an Effective Child Welfare System from University of Pennsylvania
  • Listening to Puerto Rico Teach-Out from University of Michigan
  • Crisis at the Border Teach-Out from University of Michigan
  • Exploring Basic Income in a Changing Economy Teach-Out from University of Michigan
  • Community Engagement: Collaborating for Change from University of Michigan
  • Civil Liberties from Princeton University
  • Corporate & Commercial Law II: Business Forms, Financing & Governmental Regulation from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
  • Understanding Gender Identity: Trans People in the Workplace from The Open University
  • Make Change Happen from The Open University
  • Introduction to English Common Law from University of London International Programmes
  • African cities : An Introduction to Urban Planning from École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
  • Groundscape Architecture Design Lab, re-thinking cities underground from École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
  • Logic for Economists from University of Amsterdam
  • Mathematics for economists from Higher School of Economics
  • Возможно ли воспитать детей «правильно»? from Higher School of Economics
  • Monetary Policy in the Asia Pacific from The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
  • Copyright Law in the Music Business from Berklee College of Music
  • Business Opportunities and Risks in a Globalized Economy from IE Business School
  • Xi Jinping’s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New era|习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想 from Tsinghua University
  • Exploring Psychology’s Core Concepts|走进心理学 from Tsinghua University
  • Accessibility to the Scenic Arts from Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Autonomous University of Barcelona)
  • Originalité et modernité du mutualisme from ESSEC Business School
  • Belong / Appartenir: Community, Race, and Space in the U.S. and France from Davidson College
  • Survey Research Methodology from Politecnico di Milano
  • Action Learning for Inclusion from Politecnico di Milano
  • Regards croisés sur les migrations from Université catholique de Louvain
  • SDG: Moving Towards Sustainable Work from Universidad Carlos iii de Madrid
  • Conversazioni di diritto amministrativo from University of Naples Federico II
  • Introducción a la teoría política: conceptos y grandes pensadores from University of Naples Federico II
  • Comparative Political Systems from University of Naples Federico II
  • Contemporary Issues in World Politics from University of Naples Federico II
  • Global Politics from University of Naples Federico II
  • La riforma del lavoro in Italia from University of Naples Federico II
  • Le politiche pubbliche come strategia di governo from University of Naples Federico II
  • Le forme di governo nel mondo from University of Naples Federico II
  • Comparative Research Designs and Methods from University of Naples Federico II
  • Psicologia della personalità: un’introduzione from University of Naples Federico II
  • Come fare ricerca nelle scienze sociali from University of Naples Federico II
  • Landscape Finance: Investing in Innovation for Sustainable Landscapes from Wageningen University
  • Landscape Governance: Collaborating Across Sectors and Scales from Wageningen University
  • Landscape Leadership: Catalyse Sustainable Development in Landscapes from Wageningen University
  • Development and Planning in African Cities: Exploring theories, policies and practices from Sierra Leone from University College London
  • Vote For Ethics: A How-to Guide for Voters (Alumni Students) from Santa Clara University
  • Vote For Ethics: A How-to Guide for Voters from Santa Clara University
  • The Presidency and the Shape of the Supreme Court from Trinity College
  • Sustainable Construction and Development from London South Bank University
  • Globalisation and Sustainable Development from Curtin University
  • Circular Economy – Sustainable Materials Management from Ghent University
  • Social Change: How Can Marketing Help? from Griffith University
  • Supporting Adolescent Learners: Social and Emotional Wellbeing from Griffith University
  • Правовое обеспечение бизнеса в России from Saint Petersburg State University
  • Neurociencia empresarial: siete claves para la PYME from Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
  • Des réseaux pour comprendre le monde from Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne
  • Sustainable Development: The Water-Energy-Food Nexus from RWTH Aachen University
  • Osez le numérique dans l’Economie Sociale, l’Habitat Social et la Protection Sociale ! from Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3
  • The Supreme Court & American Politics from University System of Maryland
  • Security, Terrorism and Counterterrorism from Murdoch University
  • Микроэкономика (вводный курс) from Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO)
  • Le consommateur connecté & ses données personnelles from Institut national de la consommation
  • Communicating Effectively with Vulnerable Children and Young People from University of Kent

SCIENCE

  • The Health Effects of Climate Change from Harvard University
  • Backyard Meteorology: The Science of Weather from Harvard University
  • Quantum Information Science II: Efficient Quantum Computing – fault tolerance and complexity from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Quantum Information Science II: Quantum states, noise and error correction from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Quantum Information Science II: Advanced quantum algorithms and information theory from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Nuclear Energy: Science, Systems and Society from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Nitrogen: A Global Challenge (Hungarian) from University of Edinburgh
  • Nitrogen: A Global Challenge from University of Edinburgh
  • Global Arctic from École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
  • The Multi-scale brain from École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
  • Conservation & Protected Areas Management in Africa from École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
  • Gestion des aires protégées en Afrique from École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
  • Equine Welfare and Management from University of California, Davis
  • Open Science: Sharing Your Research with the World from Delft University of Technology
  • The Building Blocks of a Quantum Computer: Part 1 from Delft University of Technology
  • The Building Blocks of a Quantum Computer: Part 2 from Delft University of Technology
  • Ácidos y bases: reacciones químicas y aplicaciones from Universitat Politècnica de València
  • Sales: reacciones químicas y aplicaciones from Universitat Politècnica de València
  • Small and Mighty: Introduction to Microbiology from University of Reading
  • Mercados de carbono: una forma de mitigar el cambio climático from Tecnológico de Monterrey
  • Ahorro de energía from Tecnológico de Monterrey
  • Huella Hídrica: una mirada integral al uso del agua from Tecnológico de Monterrey
  • Física: Vectores, Trabajo y Energía from Tecnológico de Monterrey
  • Física: Dimensión y Movimiento from Tecnológico de Monterrey
  • Introduction to the Schrödinger Equation and Quantum Transport from Purdue University
  • D’un infini à l’autre – Voyages de l’infiniment grand à l’infiniment petit from École Polytechnique
  • Case Study Methodology from Politecnico di Milano
  • Nuclear Reactor Physics Basics from National Research Nuclear University MEPhI
  • Methods of Surface Analysis from National Research Nuclear University MEPhI
  • La fisica: dall’elettromagnetismo all’ottica from University of Naples Federico II
  • La genetica tra scienza, storia e società from University of Naples Federico II
  • Zoologia from University of Naples Federico II
  • Astro 101: Black Holes from University of Alberta
  • Catalytic Conversions for Biobased Chemicals and Products from Wageningen University
  • Biorefinery: From Biomass to Building Blocks of Biobased Products from Wageningen University
  • From Fossil Resources to Biomass: A Business and Economics Perspective from Wageningen University
  • Climate Adaptation in Africa from University of Cape Town
  • The Science Behind Forensic Science from King’s College London
  • Sex and Human Reproduction from University of Adelaide
  • Research Impact: Making a Difference from University of Glasgow
  • Metagenomics applied to surveillance of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance from Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
  • 走进天文学 from Nanjing University
  • Our Place in the Universe from The University of Hong Kong
  • Landscape Ecology from ETH Zurich
  • Systematic Innovation for Life Science from Karolinska Institutet
  • Why Planning Your Research Matters from Deakin University
  • Protists: Evolution and Ecology of Microbial Eukaryotes from Saint Petersburg State University
  • Air pollution: causes and impacts from Institut Mines-Télécom
  • Metal and Metalloids of the Main Groups: Basis and Their Role in the Daily Life from Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
  • Gulf Stories 2 from University of West Florida
  • Citizen Research: From Data to Action from University of Dundee
  • Research integrity in scientific professions from Université de Bordeaux
  • Intégrité scientifique dans les métiers de la recherche from Université de Bordeaux
  • Conceptos base para el estudio del medio ambiente from Universidad Austral
  • Introducción a la gravedad cuántica de lazos from Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
  • Introducción a los ritmos y relojes biológicos from Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
  • Chimie : ouvrez les portes de l’enseignement supérieur ! from University of Liège
  • Global Biosecurity for One Health from Murdoch University

ART & DESIGN

  • 18th-Century Opera: Handel & Mozart from Harvard University
  • Avatar Psychology for Designers from Michigan State University
  • Web Design: Wireframes to Prototypes from California Institute of the Arts
  • UX Design Fundamentals from California Institute of the Arts
  • Visual Elements of User Interface Design from California Institute of the Arts
  • Percepção Musical from Berklee College of Music
  • Guitar Scales and Chord Progressions from Berklee College of Music
  • Fundamentos de la guitarra eléctrica y acústica from Berklee College of Music
  • Разработка инновационного продукта from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
  • Radio para internet con Podcast: creación y conceptos básicos from Universitat Politècnica de València
  • Sustainability in Architecture: An Interdisciplinary Introduction from Universitat Politècnica de València
  • Realistic Architectural 3D Modeling from Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
  • 3D Modeling from Architectural Drawings from Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
  • Flower Arrangements in China and Japan | 现代生活美学:花之道 from Tsinghua University
  • L’écoute en jeu(x) : une introduction à la musicologie from Université Paris-Saclay
  • Introducing Metadesign from Politecnico di Milano
  • Caligrafía y paleografía: espacios históricos para su estudio y práctica from Universidad Carlos iii de Madrid
  • Adobe Illustrator: aprende a crear presentaciones de impacto from The Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
  • Innovation Through Design: Think, Make, Break, Repeat from The University of Sydney
  • Interpreting Vernacular Architecture in Asia from The University of Hong Kong
  • Creative Thinking: Techniques and Tools for Success from Imperial College London
  • Music Psychology: Why Does “Bohemian Rhapsody” Feel so Good? from Griffith University
  • Exploring Japanese Avant-garde Art Through Butoh Dance from Keio University
  • The Power of Podcasting for Storytelling from University of Wollongong
  • Learn Jazz Piano: III. Solo Piano and Advanced Topics from Goldsmiths University of London
  • Основы фотографии from Novosibirsk State University
  • Растровая графика. Adobe Photoshop CC from St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University
  • The Dream of Streaming: Rethinking the Role of On-Demand Entertainment from Coventry University

MATHEMATICS

  • Introduction to Probability from Harvard University
  • Differential Equations: Fourier Series and Partial Differential Equations from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Probability – The Science of Uncertainty and Data from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Fundamentals of Statistics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Causal Inference from Columbia University
  • Probability and Statistics: To p or not to p? from University of London International Programmes
  • Introduction au raisonnement mathématique : préparation à l’entrée dans l’enseignement supérieur from École Polytechnique
  • Matrix Algebra for Engineers from The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
  • Introducción a las ecuaciones diferenciales from Galileo University
  • Laboratorio di Matematica per Architettura from Politecnico di Milano
  • Automated Reasoning: satisfiability from EIT Digital
  • Random Walks from Santa Fe Institute
  • Game Theory II- Dynamic Games from Santa Fe Institute
  • Introduction to Information Theory from Santa Fe Institute
  • Functions and Iterations from Santa Fe Institute
  • Introduction to Renormalization from Santa Fe Institute
  • Introduction to Differential Equations from Santa Fe Institute
  • Ordinary Differential Equations from Santa Fe Institute
  • Game Theory I – Static Games from Santa Fe Institute
  • Maximum Entropy Methods from Santa Fe Institute
  • Vector and Matrix Algebra from Santa Fe Institute
  • Sta(r)tistics: Statistics for everyone – Applied statistics for new science students from University of Sunderland

HUMANITIES

  • Othello’s Story from Harvard University
  • PredictionX: Lost Without Longitude from Harvard University
  • Sikhism Through Its Scriptures from Harvard University
  • The Tabernacle in Word & Image: An Italian Jewish Manuscript Revealed from University of Pennsylvania
  • HOPE: Human Odyssey to Political Existentialism from Princeton University
  • Sports Marketing from Northwestern University
  • Introduction to Research Ethics: Working with People from University of Leeds
  • Introduction to Linguistics from University of Birmingham
  • Violences et religions from University of Geneva
  • Upper-Intermediate English: Technology Today from Universitat Politècnica de València
  • Upper-Intermediate English: Globalization from Universitat Politècnica de València
  • Upper-Intermediate English: Modern Life from Universitat Politècnica de València
  • Upper-Intermediate English: Business from Universitat Politècnica de València
  • 莊子─人情 (Zhuangzi─Between People) from National Taiwan University
  • Learning Chinese : Start From Scratch (零到一學中文) from National Taiwan University
  • Ideological & Moral Cultivation and Fundamentals of Law|思想道德修养与法律基础 from Tsinghua University
  • Develop Your Cultural Intelligence from Purdue University
  • Mandarin Chinese for Intermediate Learners: Part 1 from Shanghai Jiao Tong University
  • Imparare il latino attraverso lo studio dei papiri from University of Naples Federico II
  • Dialetti in Italia from University of Naples Federico II
  • Letteratura latina, dalle origini all’età augustea from University of Naples Federico II
  • Perdón y reconciliación: cómo sanar heridas from The Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
  • Learning Spanish in Paradise from The Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
  • Sports Coaching: How effective are you? from IOC Athlete MOOC
  • John Milton: Paradise Lost from Dartmouth
  • Religious Transformation in Early China: the Period of Division from The Chinese University of Hong Kong
  • The Book of Kells: Exploring an Irish Medieval Masterpiece from Trinity College Dublin
  • Toledo: Deciphering Secrets of Medieval Spain from University of Colorado System
  • Lancaster Castle and Northern English History: The View from the Stronghold from Lancaster University
  • Learning from the Past: A Guide for the Curious Researcher from The University of Nottingham
  • How We Remember War and Violence: Theory and Practice from University of Bath
  • Introducción al griego clásico from Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
  • Noongar Language and Culture from Curtin University
  • A Question of Time: How We Date Human Evolution from Griffith University
  • Взаимодействие языков и культур: сохраняем и расширяем свою идентичность (на примере изучения татарского языка как родного и иностранного) from Tomsk State University
  • Русский язык как иностранный B2-2 from Saint Petersburg State University
  • Histoire des représentations et du traitement de la folie from Paris Diderot University
  • School of Salamanca from Universidad Francisco Marroquín
  • New Zealand Landscape as Culture: Maunga (Mountains) from Victoria University of Wellington
  • Coaching the Mental Game from Deakin University
  • Civil Society and African Media Policy in the Digital Age from University of the Witwatersrand
  • Verdun d’hier à aujourd’hui from Université de Lorraine
  • Activism and Citizen Journalism through Media from University of the Witwatersrand
  • Media Literacy and Representation from University of Newcastle
  • Digital Wellbeing from University of York
  • Renforcer ses compétences orthographiques from Université de Caen Normandie
  • Éthique de la recherche from Université de Lyon
  • Irish 104: An Introduction to Irish Language and Culture from Dublin City University
  • Norwegian for Beginners 1 from Norwegian University of Science and Technology
  • Mindfulness: What It Is, Where It Comes From, and How to Practice It from Naropa University
  • Irish 106: An Introduction to Irish Language and Culture from Dublin City University
  • La Gestothèque from Sorbonne Paris Cité University
  • Le bien-être des animaux d’élevage from VetAgro Sup
  • Pratiques de l’enseignement de la prononciation en FLE from Université fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
  • Cours de stratégie de l’École de Guerre (Partie I) from École Pratique des Hautes Études
  • Irish 105: An Introduction to Irish Language and Culture from Dublin City University
  • ga094: 東日本大震災の教訓を活かした実践的防災学へのアプローチ from Tohoku University

BUSINESS

  • Improving Your Business Through a Culture of Health from Harvard University
  • Introduction to Systematic Reviews from Stanford Medicine
  • The Role of Impact Assessments in Real Estate Development from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Creating Shared Benefits in Real Estate Development from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • FinTech Law and Policy from Duke University
  • Auditing I: Conceptual Foundations of Auditing from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
  • Auditing II: The Practice of Auditing from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
  • Managing My Money for Young Adults from The Open University
  • Using Email for Networking in English from University of Washington
  • Natural Gas from University at Buffalo
  • Safety in the Utility Industry from University at Buffalo
  • Energy Industry: The Enterprise from University at Buffalo
  • Agile Meets Design Thinking from University of Virginia
  • Customer Segmentation and Prospecting from Northwestern University
  • Building a Toolkit for Your Sales Process from Northwestern University
  • Sales Pitch and Closing from Northwestern University
  • Connecting with Sales Prospects from Northwestern University
  • Юридическое оформление инвестиционных идей from Higher School of Economics
  • FinTech Security and Regulation (RegTech) from The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
  • FinTech Risk Management from The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
  • Market Segmentation Analysis from University of Queensland
  • Influencing Stakeholders: Dealing with Power and Dynamics in Teams and Networks from Delft University of Technology
  • Waste Management and Critical Raw Materials from Delft University of Technology
  • Sustainable Packaging in a Circular Economy from Delft University of Technology
  • Effective Decision Making: Dealing with Business Complexity from Delft University of Technology
  • Electric Cars: Business from Delft University of Technology
  • Measure and Improve Innovation at the Workplace from Universitat Politècnica de València
  • Branding: ¿cómo convertirte en una gran marca? from Universitat Politècnica de València
  • Foreign Exchange Markets: Concepts, Instruments, Risks and Derivatives from Indian Institute of Management Bangalore
  • Special Topics in Risk Management of Banking and Financial Markets from Indian Institute of Management Bangalore
  • Banking & Financial Intermediation: Concepts, Risks, Capital & Regulation from Indian Institute of Management Bangalore
  • Risk Management in Banking and Financial Markets Professional Certificate Exam from Indian Institute of Management Bangalore
  • Money & Debt Markets: Concepts, Instruments, Risks and Derivatives from Indian Institute of Management Bangalore
  • Equity Stock Markets: Concepts, Instruments, Risks and Derivatives from Indian Institute of Management Bangalore
  • 服務模式的體驗、設計與創新:從痛點到賣點 from National Taiwan University
  • Mercados de energía: oportunidades de negocio from Tecnológico de Monterrey
  • Liderazgo en la empresa familiar from Tecnológico de Monterrey
  • Fundamentos del emprendimiento en la empresa familiar from Tecnológico de Monterrey
  • Intelligence Tools for the Digital Age from IE Business School
  • Social and Digital Media Analytics from Purdue University
  • Introduction to Strategic Doing: An Agile Approach to Strategy from Purdue University
  • L’innovation managériale en pratique from ESSEC Business School
  • L’excellence opérationnelle en pratique from ESSEC Business School
  • Designing and Implementing Effective Entrepreneurship Policies from Politecnico di Milano
  • Человеческий фактор в разработке корпоративных систем from National Research Nuclear University MEPhI
  • Strategie di produzione e sistemi di logistica from University of Naples Federico II
  • Financial Regulation in Emerging Markets and the Rise of Fintech Companies from University of Cape Town
  • Executing Breakthrough Innovations with the Three Box Solution from Dartmouth
  • Developing Breakthrough Innovations with the Three Box Solution from Dartmouth
  • Influencer Marketing Strategy from Rutgers University
  • Supply Chain Analytics Essentials from Rutgers University
  • Culture of Services: Paradox of Customer Relations from Kyoto University
  • Finance for Startups from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
  • Advanced Valuation and Strategy – M&A, Private Equity, and Venture Capital from Erasmus University Rotterdam
  • Organisational design: Know your organisation from Macquarie University
  • Organisational behaviour: Know your people from Macquarie University
  • Risk Management of Work Related injuries using RAMP II from KTH Royal Institute of Technology
  • Proficiency in using RAMP for Risk Management of work-related injuries from KTH Royal Institute of Technology
  • Assessment of Work-Related Injury Risks using RAMP I from KTH Royal Institute of Technology
  • Entreprendre dans les Industries Culturelles à l’ère du numérique from Institut d’Etudes Politiques de Paris
  • Прикладное управление рисками from Tomsk State University
  • Практики создания аналитических панелей в среде Microsof Power BI from Saint Petersburg State University
  • Основы налогообложения бизнеса в России from Saint Petersburg State University
  • Основы бизнес-планирования и маркетинга from Saint Petersburg State University
  • Emprendimiento: cómo gestionar el desarrollo tecnológico de una startup from Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
  • Управление людьми и командами from Saint Petersburg State University
  • Discover the Leader in You: Six Questions to Ask Yourself from Austin Peay State University
  • Dans le secteur alimentaire, le digital : c’est primordial ! from Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3
  • Banque, assurance, assistance : le digital, une opportunité à saisir ! from Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3
  • SMEs and New Markets: Trade, the Chinese Powerhouse and Online Opportunities from Deakin University
  • SMEs and Digital Engagement from Deakin University
  • MAPs-Management des Alliances, des Partenariats et de la Coopétition from Université Montpellier 2
  • Маркетинг. Часть 2. Инструментарий маркетинга from St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University
  • Data Analysis for Decision Making from University System of Maryland
  • Applied Scrum for Project Management from University System of Maryland
  • Leadership and Influence from University System of Maryland
  • Управление человеческими ресурсами from St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University
  • Driving Speed through Agile Planning from University System of Maryland
  • Global Business Strategy from University System of Maryland
  • Corporate Finance from University System of Maryland
  • Agile Solutions for Greater Innovation from University System of Maryland
  • Agile Leadership Principles from University System of Maryland
  • The Importance of Project Management in the Global Construction Industry from Coventry University
  • An Introduction to Financial Management in Construction from Coventry University
  • Principles of Service Management from Hanken School of Economics
  • Комплекс маркетинга: 5Р from Moscow State Institute of International Relations (MGIMO)
  • An Introduction to the Assessment of People at Work from Coventry University
  • Финансы компаний: взгляд инвестора и кредитора from Sberbank Corporate University
  • Introducción a la Siembra Directa from Universidad Nacional de Córdoba
  • Bridging the Gap between Strategy Design and Delivery from Brightline Initiative
  • An Introduction to Organisational Behaviour: How to Understand Your People from Coventry University
  • Understanding Financial Statements from Coventry University
  • L’Aviculture, une filière d’avenir from Agrocampus Ouest
  • Introducción a las finanzas: Principios de valoración from Universidad del Rosario
  • Management Essentials from Honeywell
  • Biobased Business Development from HZ University of Applied Sciences

HEALTH & MEDICINE

  • Antibiotic Stewardship from Stanford University
  • Fighting HIV with Antiretroviral Therapy: Implementing the Treat-All Approach from Columbia University
  • Pediatric HIV Nursing from Columbia University
  • Managing Your Health: The Role of Physical Therapy and Exercise from University of Toronto
  • Cancer Survivorship for Primary Care Practitioners from University of Melbourne
  • Introduction a l’immunologie from École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
  • Environmental Public Health from Ohio State University
  • Fundamentals of Pharmacology from Ohio State University
  • Drugs, drug use, drug policy and health from University of Geneva
  • Biohacking Your Brain’s Health from Emory University
  • Beyond Medical Histories: Gaining Insight from Patient Stories from Brown University
  • Actúa ante el dolor crónico from Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (Autonomous University of Barcelona)
  • Microbiologia e immunologia from University of Naples Federico II
  • Nutrition, Heart Disease and Diabetes from Wageningen University
  • Nutrition and Cancer from Wageningen University
  • Ortodoncia: tratamientos dentales sencillos para casos complejos from The Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
  • Integrating Care: Depression, Anxiety and Physical Illness from King’s College London
  • Medical Cannabis for Pain Control from Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
  • Agir pour la santé des reins from Sorbonne Universités
  • An Introduction to Radiation Oncology: From Diagnosis to Survivorship from Trinity College Dublin
  • Introduction to: Physical Examination and History Taking from Karolinska Institutet
  • Diabetic Eye Disease: Strengthening Services from London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
  • Organ Donation: The Essentials for Healthcare Professionals from St. George’s University
  • Future-proofing the Health Workforce from Griffith University
  • Assessment of the Newborn from Griffith University
  • Bridging healthcare and society from Tomsk State University
  • Grundlagen der Unfallchirurgie from Technische Universität München (Technical University of Munich)
  • Health and healthcare in transition: dilemmas of governance from Tomsk State University
  • Essentials of Good Pharmacy Practice: The Basics from Taipei Medical University
  • El dolor lumbar: Mucho más que un dolor from Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
  • Maladie de Parkinson from Université de Nantes
  • Developing Clinical Empathy: Making a Difference in Patient Care from St George’s, University of London
  • Principles of Health Law and Regulatory Issues from Doane University
  • Health Informatics Technology in Population Healthcare Analytics from Doane University
  • U.S. Healthcare Systems from Doane University
  • Population Health: Disease Prevention and Management from Doane University
  • Fundamentals of Advocacy in Health Policy from Doane University
  • Applying Leadership and Strategy Fundamentals in Healthcare from Doane University
  • Healthcare Administration Comprehensive Exam from Doane University
  • Leading Organizational Change in Healthcare from Doane University
  • Strategic Leadership in Healthcare from Doane University
  • Understanding Different Diets: Mediterranean, Baltic sea, and Okinawa from EIT Food
  • Essentials of Lifestyle Medicine and Population Health from Doane University
  • Introduction to Lifestyle Medicine from Doane University
  • Organizational Culture and Change in Healthcare from Doane University
  • Health Law, Policy, and Advocacy from Doane University
  • Healthcare Finance, Economics and Risk from Doane University
  • Vulnerable Populations from Doane University
  • Healthcare Organization and Delivery Models from Doane University
  • Health Informatics and Technology in Decision Making from Doane University
  • Could You Be the Next Florence Nightingale? from Coventry University
  • An Introduction to Physical Health Assessment from Coventry University
  • Food for Thought: The Relationship Between Food, Gut and Brain from EIT Food
  • Certified Lifestyle Medicine Executive Comprehensive Exam from Doane University
  • Sweet Dreams from Communauté Université Grenoble Alpes

DATA SCIENCE

  • Data Analysis in Social Science—Assessing Your Knowledge from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Capstone Exam in Statistics and Data Science from Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  • Image Processing and Analysis for Life Scientists from École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
  • Big Data Emerging Technologies from Yonsei University
  • Foundations of mining non-structured medical data from EIT Digital
  • Data Science for Environmental Modelling and Renewables from University of Glasgow
  • Técnicas de Análisis de Datos y Big Data from Universidad Rey Juan Carlos
  • Практики работы с данными средствами Power Query и Power Pivot from Saint Petersburg State University
  • Information Visualization: Applied Perception from New York University (NYU)
  • Information Visualization: Foundations from New York University (NYU)
  • Information Visualization: Advanced Techniques from New York University (NYU)
  • Information Visualization: Programming with D3.js from New York University (NYU)
  • Introducción a la Minería de Datos from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile

EDUCATION & TEACHING

  • College Algebra from Johns Hopkins University
  • Calculus from Modern States
  • College Mathematics from Modern States
  • Precalculus from Modern States
  • Assessment for Learning from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
  • Learning, Knowledge, and Human Development from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
  • Financial Accounting from Modern States
  • Information Systems from State University of New York
  • Western Civilization I: Ancient Near East to 1648 from State University of New York
  • Principles of Management from Modern States
  • Scratch: Programming for Teachers from Delft University of Technology
  • Scratch: Programming for Kids (8+) from Delft University of Technology
  • Теория и практика создания онлайн-курсов from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
  • Biology from Purdue University
  • Physique : préparation à l’entrée dans l’enseignement supérieur from École Polytechnique
  • Contenido de las matemáticas de primaria from Universidad de los Andes
  • PlanU: escoge la mejor carrera y universidad para ti from Universidad de los Andes
  • Creating Apps in the Classroom from Queensland University of Technology
  • Teaching Phonics in Early Childhood from Queensland University of Technology
  • Modelli di insegnamento nella ricerca educativa from University of Naples Federico II
  • Teaching the Beauty and Joy of Computing Curriculum from Friday Institute
  • American Government from Modern States
  • Understanding and Teaching Evolution from University of Bath
  • Good Practice in Autism Education from University of Bath
  • How to Succeed in Your Welsh Bacc: the Individual Project Essentials from University of Bath
  • Introductory Sociology from New York Institute of Technology
  • Innovating Instruction: Learning Design in the STEM Classroom from Teachers College, Columbia University
  • Enhancing Catholic School Identity from KU Leuven University
  • University Governance and Academic Leadership from Vrije Universiteit Brussel
  • Enseñar, aprender y evaluar en Escuelas Rurales from Universidad Austral
  • La escuela y su comunidad: lecciones desde la ruralidad from Universidad Austral
  • Gestión estratégica de Escuelas en Contextos Rurales from Universidad Austral
  • Educación en Contextos Rurales: Perspectivas en América Latina from Universidad Austral
  • Developing Your Educational Leadership and Management Vision from University of Newcastle
  • Applying Strategic Leadership in Education from University of Newcastle
  • Leading Transformative Change in Education from University of Newcastle
  • Your Adventure Story: From Home to a US University from University of Denver
  • English Literature from Modern States
  • College Composition from Modern States
  • Analyzing and Interpreting Literature from Modern States
  • American Literature from Modern States
  • Natural Sciences from Modern States
  • Western Civilization II: 1648 to the Present from Modern States
  • Spanish Language from Modern States
  • French Language from Modern States
  • Humanities from Modern States
  • Human Growth and Development from Modern States
  • Introduction to Educational Psychology from Modern States
  • German Language from American University
  • Éducation par la recherche : le pédagogue chercheur from Sorbonne Paris Cité University

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

  • 業務効率や生産性向上につながる時間管理 from University of California, Irvine
  • Conducting an Informational Interview from University of Washington
  • Attending a Networking Event from University of Washington
  • Preparing to Network in English from University of Washington
  • Communication Strategies for a Virtual Age from University of Toronto
  • Communicating Effectively: How to Inspire and Convince from Delft University of Technology
  • Effective Business Communication from Indian Institute of Management Bangalore
  • Crafting Realities: Work, Happiness, and Meaning from Indian Institute of Management Bangalore
  • Los videojuegos como medio de comunicación efectiva from The Pontificia Universidad Javeriana
  • Психология карьеры from Saint Petersburg State University
  • Креативная коммуникация: методы и инструменты from Saint Petersburg State University
  • Career Credentials: Evidence Your Expertise in Problem Solving from Deakin University
  • Career Credentials: Evidence Your Self-management Skills from Deakin University
  • Career Credentials: Evidence Your Expertise in Digital Literacy from Deakin University
  • Negociación 4.0 from Universidad Austral
  • Emotional Intelligence at Work from Coventry University
at 21.2.23 No comments:
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12.15.2022

"Историски и Културни Договори: Ризици и Предизвици пред Република Македонија"

Историски и културни предизвици:

Потенцијален отпор: Договорите со Бугарија и Грција, кои ги вовлекуваат историските и културните аспекти, можат да предизвикаат значителен отпор кај делови од населението. Според нив, било какво отстапување во однос на историјата или културата може да биде сметано како загуба на идентитет и суверенитет. Отпорот може да се изрази преку јавни протести, дебати во медиумите и други форми на граѓанска активност.

Политички притисоци: Ратификацијата и спроведбата на договорите може да предизвикаат политички притисоци во земјата. Политички групи или партии кои не се согласни со содржината на договорите можат да се обидат да ја искористат ситуацијата за постигнување на свои цели. Овие политички притисоци можат да вклучуваат изразен противопоставен став во парламентот, интензивен лобирачки напор или дури и предизвикување на криза во владата.

Обврска за спроведување на реформите: За да ги исполни обврските од договорите, Република Македонија треба да спроведе значителни реформи во институциите и системите. Овие реформи можат да предизвикаат социјална нестабилност и отпор, особено ако граѓаните ја почувствуваат дека промените предизвикани од договорите не ги заштитуваат нивните интереси или ако се спроведуваат прекумерно брзо.

Спроведување на јазичните реформи: Договорот со Бугарија вклучува и јазични промени, што може да биде особено чувствително прашање. Спроведбата на овие промени може да предизвика бурни реакции, посебно кај деловите на населението кои ги сметаат дека нивните јазични права се заштитени. Отпорот може да биде виден во форма на протести, петиции или барање за измена на законските прописи.

Економски и трговски аспекти: Доколку договорите не доведат до конкретни економски предности за граѓаните, може да се создаде разочарување и критика. Недостигот на видливи економски добивки може да допринесе кон недовербата во договорените процеси и да ја  зголеми негативната реакција од страна на граѓаните.

Меѓународни влијанија: Доколку договорите предизвикаат негативни реакции од другите меѓународни актери, Република Македонија може да биде изложена на меѓународен притисок или изолација. Ова може да вклучува внатрешни дипломатски предизвици, санкции или директен влијание на економската и политичката стабилност на земјата.

Однос со соседите: Иако договорите имаат за цел да ги подобрат односите со Бугарија и Грција, може да се појават предизвици во динамиката со другите соседи. Било какви недоразбирања или прекумерни придобивки кои ги добиваат Бугарија и Грција во односите со соседите може да имаат негативни последици за регионалната стабилност и соработката. Владата треба активно да учествува во дипломатски напори за одржување на добрососедските односи и предупредување на можни конфликти со останатите соседи.

Со цел успешно да се спротивстави на овие ризици, Владата на Република Македонија мора да биде проактивна, да се вклучи во дијалог со јавноста и различните заинтересирани страни и да создаде механизми за решавање на недоразбирањата кои можат да настанат во процесот на спроведување на договорите.

"Бугарските Барања и Договорот за Добрососедство: Внатрешни Влијанија и Економски Последици во Македонија"

Во контекстот на динамичните промени пред Македонија произлезени од барањата на бугарската заедница и спроведбата на Договорот за Добрососедство особено значајна е трансформацијата во административната структура и отворањето на нови институции. Во овој контекст запослувањето во јавната администрација и отворањето на нови работни места стануваат критични аспекти за успешната имплементација на договорените мерки, и идни проблеми доколку истите не се испочитуваат. Ова е законски пристап кон застапување на сите етнички групи во институциите. Отворањето на вратите на администрацијата за Бугарите креира можност за нивно активно учество во донесувањето на одлуки и формирањето на политики. Договорот за Добрососедство стимулира потреба за отворање на нови институции кои би го намалиле процентот на учество во аминистрацијата на веќе застапените заедници истото дополнително би предизвикало нови проблеми. Оваа трансформација уште повеќе го вплетува мултиетничкиот аспект во државните институции.  

at 15.12.22 No comments:
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11.18.2022

ПАРИ“ ГИ АНАЛИЗИРА БУЏЕТИТЕ: ПРЕД 10 ГОДИНИ ИМАВМЕ ЗА ТРОШЕЊЕ 2,5 МИЛИЈАРДИ ЕВРА, В ГОДИНА ЌЕ ИМАМЕ 4,4 МИЛИЈАРДИ

Време зa читање: 4 минутиПред 10 години Буџетот тежел 2,4 милјарда евра на приходната страна и 2,6 милијарди евра на расходната страна. Предлог-буџетот за 2022 година е во собраниска процедура, а на хартија е испишано дека ќе се соберат 3,8 милијарда евра приходи и дека ќе се потрошат 4,4 милијарди евра.

„Пари“ анализираше што е заедничко, а што различно на новиот со буџетите од претходните години. Заклучок е дека во последните години социјалните трансфери се половина од расходите, но дека порано имале помал удел, дека буџетските дефицити имале тренд на намалување од 2017 година, но дека короната тој тренд „сурово“ го прекинала со екстремен раст на дефицитот, дека износот на платите како бројка се зголемувал, но дека како процентуален удел во расходите се намалува.

ДРАСТИЧЕН СКОК НА КАПИТАЛНИТЕ ПРОЕКТИ

Она што овој буџет го разликува во однос на претходните, според изјавите на министерот за финансии Фатмир Бесими е висината на капиталните расходи. Тие се планирани на 614, 9 милиони евра, како никогаш досега, или ако се спореди со 2011 година, овој износ е поголем дури за 235 милиони евра! Капиталните расходи се дури за 27 проценти поголеми од овогодишните и имаат најголем процентуален удел од 14 осто од расходната страна, од сите досегашните буџети. Но, она што е проблем во сите изминати години е реализација на капиталните расходи…

„Пари“ веќе пишуваше дека во последните 10 години останале нечепнати 720 милиони евра, односно толкава била разликата од планираните капитални расходи во буџетите и нивната релаизација, според завршните сметки. За оваа година, фискалниот бројач, заклучно со 17-ти ноември одброја реализација на капитални проекти во вредност од 271,3 милиони евра, или 56% од планираните капитални расходи. Колу ќе одбори во 2022 година од амбициозните 614,9 милиони евра, останува да видиме.

ПОЛА ПЛАТА ЗА СОЦИЈАЛНИ ТРАНСФЕРИ – ФОРМУЛА КОЈА ТРАЕ 5 ГОДИНИ

Во однос на социјалните трансфери, ако што може да се види од табелата, од 2018 уделот на оваа ставка во расходната страна е речиси секогаш ист –социјалните трансфери постојано се речиси половина од државната каса. Така, во 2018 година имало за трошење 3,4 милијарди евра (со последен ребаланс), а социјалните трансфери биле 1,63 милијарди евра. Во 2019-та на расходната страна сме имале 3,7 милијарди евра, социјалните трансфери биле 1,77 милијарди евра, во 2020 година вкупните трошоци биле испланирани на 4,1 милијарда евра, а социјалните трансфери биле 1,92 милијарди евра, додека за годинава од 4,2 милијарди евра за трошење за социјалната компонента се предвидени 2 милијарди евра. Речиси идентичен износ, поточно 2,02 милијарди евра се предвидени за социјалните трансфери и во 2022 година, додека расходите се предвидени на 4,4 милијарди евра, што укажува на мало релаксирање на буџетот во однос на овие трансфери. Всушност, ако се гледа наназад пред 2018 година, може да се види дека уделите на социјалните трансфери биле нешто помали, па во 2011 година, кога расходната страна на буџетот тежела 2,6 милијарди евра, социјалните трансфери биле 1,09 милијарди евра.

ПЛАТИТЕ ВО АПСОЛУТЕН ИЗНОС РАСТАТ, КАКО УДЕЛ СЕ НАМАЛУВААТ

Ако пак, се погледа во платите на јавната админстрација, нивниот износ во 2011 година бил 378,5 милиони евра, потоа постепено износот за плати расте, а во 2018 и во 2019 година стагнира. Идната година ќе се потрошат 531 милиони евра за плати и овој износ е 14 милиони евра поголем од овогодинешниот буџет. Бесими објасни дека е тоа поради: зголемување на платите во здравство за 5 проценти, поголеми плати во судство за 15 проценти, раст на плати од 15 проценти за обвинителите, 7 проценти поголеми плати во образованието согласно колективниот договор, раст на плати во културата – согласно колективниот договор во кој растот се поврзува со растот на минималната плата и 10 проценти раст на платите на инспекциските служби согласно закон што е донесен и според кој ова ќе биде трета година како се корегираат нивните плати.

Ако пак, се анализира колкав удел има ставката плати во Буџетот, може да се забележи дека таа во 2011 година учествувала со 14,5 % од расходите, додека за наредната година, според планот, платите ќе учествуваат со 12,3% во вкупните расходи.

Редакција Пари


at 18.11.22 No comments:
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11.02.2022

Riši Sunak

To što je Riši Sunak izronio iz haosa kao novi britanski premijer ne označava kraj brexita, već kraj brexitizma – ideologije zasnovane na zabludi o sposobnosti Britanije da opstane sama, koja je kulminirala u vrhunskoj farsi kratkoveke vlade Liz Tras.

Trasonomija je logiku brexitizma dovela do apsurdne krajnosti, sa predvidivim rezultatima. Tokom proteklih 8 godina, pod ovakvom Konzervativnom strankom, Britanija je spala sa pragmatičnog evroskepticizma Dejvida Kamerona, preko srednje-mekog brexita Tereze Mej i tvrdog brexita Borisa Džonsona na kobajagi brexit Liz Tras. Revolucija je sledila poznati šablon, s tom razlikom što je u fazi „jedenja svoje dece“ umesto tradicionalne radikalizacije ka levici (od žirondinaca ka jakobincima u Francuskoj revoluciji, od menjševika ka boljševicima u Oktobarskoj revoluciji) ovde došlo do radikalizacije nadesno.

„Postavili smo viziju ekonomije sa niskim porezima i visokim rastom koja će iskoristiti slobode brexita“, rekla je Tras u saopštenju o svojoj ostavci. Ta vizija je bila deluzija: srezati poreze, izigrati regulative, stimulisati bogate i nekako će, nekim čudom, Britanija obnoviti svoj veličanstveni dinamizam iz 19. veka. Ostatak sveta treba da poveruje u to zato što mi to želimo. Umesto toga, put započet pod parolom „povratiti kontrolu“ završio se spektakularnim gubitkom kontrole.

Brexitere je sustigla stvarnost i britanska javnost počinje da shvata o čemu se radi. Ako bi sutra bili opšti izbori, a ljudi glasali onako kako se trenutno izjašnjavaju u anketama, torijevci bi bili praktično zbrisani sa lica zemlje. Izgleda da su se istopili poslednji ostaci poverenja u brexit među najtvrdokornijim glasačima za izlazak iz EU, koje je godinama opstajalo. U nedavnoj anketi samo 34% ispitanih je reklo da je dobro što je Britanija napustila EU, dok 54% smatra da je to bila greška.

Naravno, nisu svi ekonomski problemi Britanije posledica brexita. I pre referenduma 2016. bilo je hroničnih problema sa produktivnošću, prekomernog oslanjanja na finansijski sektor i velikog deficita u obučavanju i prekvalifikaciji radne snage. Ali kako blede posledice pandemije, jasnije se ukazuju posledice brexita. Po mnogim pokazateljima, kao što su poslovne investicije i oporavak trgovine nakon kovida, ekonomija Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva je prošla gore od svih drugih članica G7. Broj malih kompanija sa evropskim vezama opao je za oko trećinu. Prema zvaničnim projekcijama, zemlja će izgubiti oko 4% svog BDP-a zbog brexita. Rejting agencije Moody’s i S&P smanjile su ocenu ekonomskih prilika u UK sa stabilne na negativnu. Da, to je brexit.

Sunak je sve samo ne ubeđeni Evropljanin. Osovina njegovog sveta prolazi kroz Silicijumsku dolinu, London i Mumbaj, a ne London, Pariz i Berlin. Bio je odlučni brexiter 2016, ali ako je ikada poverovao u neke od iluzija brexitizma, dosad se sigurno otreznio. Kao što je letos pokazao u trci za vođstvo Konzervativne stranke protiv Tras, Sunak je realista kojem su solidne javne finansije i kredibilitet tržišta na prvom mestu – kao što je to bilo i za Margaret Tačer. A realizam zahteva da se, u krajnje izazovnim ekonomskim okolnostima, barijere za poslovanje sa najvećim jedinstvenim tržištem (EU) spuštaju, a ne dodatno podižu.

Neposredno mu slede dva testa. Jedan je dobro poznat: protokol Severne Irske, što nije samo teško pitanje po sebi, jer zastoj oko Severne Irske takođe blokira napredak na drugim frontovima, kao što je povratak Britanije u program Horizonta za naučnu saradnju. Drugi test privlači manje pažnje. U vreme vlade Tereze Mej, sva postojeća regulativa EU je zadržana u britanskim zakonima, osim u slučajevima kada je pojedinačni propis izričito zamenjen novim nacionalnim zakonom. Za vreme kobajagi brexita Liz Tras, u parlament je upućen predlog da svi postojeći propisi poreklom iz EU budu ukinuti do kraja 2023. Ministarstva će morati ili da posebno pravdaju zadržavanje svakog od preko 2.400 takvih propisa, ili da ih zamene novim nacionalnim pravilima. Ako Sunak ozbiljno namerava da se koncentriše na ono što je zaista važno za britansku ekonomiju, odbaciće ovaj blesavi predlog i početi ispočetka.

Koliko god bio ekonomski kompetentan i realan, Sunak će vršiti funkciju sa teretom hronično podeljene stranke. Ideolozi brexitizma još uvek su jaki. U ime partijskog jedinstva, verovatno će neke od njih morati da uzme u svoj kabinet. Da britanska demokratija funkcioniše kao većina drugih velikih zapadnih demokratija, sada bi se ili raspisali opšti izbori ili pozvalo na „konstruktivno glasanje o nepoverenju“, što bi na vlast dovelo opoziciju. Ali to kod nas nije slučaj. Torijevci i dalje drže veliku većinu u parlamentu. Pošto bi prema aktuelnim anketama većina konzervativnih poslanika izgubila svoja mesta na izborima, malo je verovatno da će seći granu na kojoj sede. Ipak, trvenja unutar stranke, kao i ozbiljnost ekonomske krize mogli bi dovesti do raspisivanja opštih izbora pre 2024.

Kad god da se izbori raspišu, britansko biračko telo će gotovo sigurno izabrati vladu umerenog levog centra. Lider laburista Kir Starmer je preterano oprezan prema Evropi, iz straha da mu se neće vratiti birači sa severa Engleske koji su se okrenuli Džonsonu dok ne „obavi brexit“. Starmer uporno ponavlja da „brexit treba da proradi“ – što je užasan slogan, koji sugeriše da je jedino što ne valja sa brexitom to što još nije proradio kako treba. Pošto se stav javnosti očigledno menja, Starmer bi mogao da promeni svoj slogan u „Britanija treba da proradi“ (uprkos brexitu).

Niko ne zna šta će biti sutra. Trenutno je i jedan dan u britanskoj politici predugačak. Ali pravac kretanja je jasan. Britanija je konačno započela svoj dugi, bolni put oporavka od zabluda brexitizma.

The Guardian, 24.10.2022.

Prevela Milica Jovanović




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at 2.11.22 No comments:
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